Distortion

Distortion is a change, twist, or exaggeration that makes something appear different from the way it really is. Distortion meaning is to change the shape of something so that it looks strange or unnatural, the act of twisting or altering something out of its true, natural, or original state. Distortion is the perturbation or alteration of a system or norm for action. Deformation of movements during their generation or evolution. Distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristics) of something. It is used in music, art, medicine, photography, as well as means of design and criticism.

Distortion sometimes can be used as a means of criticism as skewing the photography by exaggerating it. Barrel distortion and Pincushion distortion were used in Victor Enrich’s “NHDK” work by exaggerating. Victor Enrich, taking a single photograph of the NH Deutscher Kaiser Hotel, recreates the building in different forms, is an example of this rebellious condition that rebelled against architectural limitations. With this expression of the artist, his works criticize the architectural limitations.

Distortion can sometimes be used as a design way. In design, distortion can occur by deforming the geometry or by changing the rule to create a form of the shell. In addition, time and space distortion in the design or drawing may cause illusion in perception.

Perception is a talent that captures, processes, and gives meaning to the information received by our senses. It is a cognitive process that enables us to understand our environment with the stimuli that reach us through our sensory organs. Some of the perceptions people get from the outside world are not true. These perception illusions that our external senses produce are called perception distortion. Perception illusion indicates that our perception scheme is open to error and that the output of perception is not perfect. Perception illusion can be as below the different perceptions of the length, parallelism, curvature, continuity of a line, the size, and color of the objects. They are often associated with visual perception. The distortion of perception is due to the fact that the sensation of people from the external world is not correct and that our perceptions are caused by these perception illusions. Due to time and space distortions are used in Escher's drawings, it is among the best examples that can be given to perception distortions. As a result of placing more than one reference point within the same image in the pictures of Escher, the stairs in a space with more than one floor intertwine with each other and create an illusion of perspective. The reason for this amazing illusion is that the three-dimensional world is drawn in 3D again through drawing techniques on a two-dimensional plane. In the same way, the drawing made with perspective technique is another product of the illusion of the three-dimensional world. The main reference to the assembly entitled ‘temporal-spatial distortion’ at the anniversary of the Corriente Alterna Art School in Peru is just as M.C. Escher's drawings and Escher's drawings are transformed into 3D. In the project inspired by Escher's work, the perception was distortions with time and space paradigms.

Distortion is used in shell design in architectural design. Using distortion in shell design, surfaces are created that sometimes distorting, surprising, deflecting the rhythm of the facade, and sometimes affect the design with concave and convex distortions of the elements on the facade.

Frank Ghery is one of the architects of his design by bending, twisting, deforming, distorting its shape. Other designs, including The Dance House, Guggenheim Bilbao museum, the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Brain Health Center, and Pop Culture Museum (MoPOP), which were designed by Frank Ghery, include the deformation of the surfaces and the facade design. While Frank Ghery designs he continues to make a puzzle until he finds the perfect by bending, bending, twisting, and tripping the paper in different forms, playing with pieces that he had made a puzzle on the model. He continues to perform distortions on the surface until he feels that he has found perfection in his designs. Frank Ghery's designs begin with flat forms and continue with trying to three-dimensional geometry, resulting in the experimentation of curvilinear forms. Curved surfaces produced by the distortion of panels obtained from different materials constitute the architectural identity of their structures. The façade produced by distortions that dominate Frank Ghery's designs consists of the differentiation made with surfaces, the shear, and the shifting of non-perpendicular corners, new experiments in 3D geometry, the experimentation of intersecting planes, fragmented, angular or curvaceous forms. At first glance, his designs, which resemble a pile of random pieces, do not contain an easy-to-understand geometric order, are also sculpture. Gehry's buildings give people a sense of uncertainty and confusion and give the impression that they are moving in the direction of different axes or separating their elements, creating distortions in perception.

Examples of distortion in facade design are the Emporia Mall, designed by Gert Wingardh in Malmö, The Crooked House designed by Krzywy Dome in Poland's Spot city, and many more.

Distortion in the shell can be by bending and twisting the pure geometry, or by disturbing the rhythm of the facade. The Zac Danton office tower was designed by OMA in 1993 in Paris, and its distortions the massive surface by cantilever the front in the tower designed by OMA for the competition. While the rhythm of the façade continued to monotony, it was changed by making a floor outwards. The norm of the façade has been changed and distortion has been formed. Similar to OMA's design for the Zac Danton office tower competition, the façade has changed the rhythm of the massive surface distortions by indenting it in 88 Seaport. The rule of the massive surface that will continue straight has been altered and distortion has occurred.

Distortion is also used in architecture as well as in many areas. Sometimes criticism sometimes the illusion of perception and sometimes it is used in different areas of architecture as a method of design and continues to be used in architecture.